Understanding DVT & Pulmonary Embolism
What is Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep or one of the larger veins. Most commonly, DVT will occur in the lower limbs, but it can also affect the ovarian veins and the arms. If part of the clot breaks off, it can travel to the heart and lungs, blocking your pulmonary artery and obstructing blood flow. This is called a pulmonary embolism (PE), which can be life-threatening.
Both conditions need prompt or emergency care to prevent complications.
Common Symptoms
DVT and PE can cause a variety of symptoms:
- Swelling in one leg
- Pain or tenderness, often in the calf
- Warmth or redness in the area
- Sudden shortness of breath
- Chest pain, especially when breathing in
- Fast heart rate
- Feeling lightheaded or faint
Seek care right away if you notice signs of PE.
DVT risk factors include:
- Immobility. Being on bed rest or sitting for an extended period is a common culprit.
- Dehydration
- Genetic predisposition
- Medications like steroids or hormones
- Trauma to the leg, ankle or foot
- Age - men and women over age 60 are at greater risk
Your doctor may use these tools to diagnose DVT or PE:
- Ultrasound to detect blood clots in the legs
- D-dimer blood test to measure clotting activity
- CT scan of the chest to find clots in the lungs
- Venography or lung scans, in some cases
Early diagnosis is key to avoiding serious health risks.
Treatment usually includes:
- Blood thinners to prevent clots from growing
- Compression stockings to reduce leg swelling
- Thrombolytic therapy in severe cases
- Lifestyle changes like staying active and hydrated
Further treatment may be needed to dissolve clots, depending on the severity of your condition.
If the clot is acute and newer, it can be removed. If the underlying clot is chronic and older, the veins can be opened to restore blood flow and decrease the swelling and pain.
Follow-up care helps lower the risk of future clots.