Law M. Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health.
BMJ. 2000;320:861 - 864.
Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Serum cholesterol and cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolaemic NIDDM patients before and during sitostanol ester-margarine treatment.
Diabetologia. 1994;37:773 - 780.
Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Cholesterol reduction by different plant stanol mixtures and with variable fat intake.
Metabolism. 1999;48:575 - 580.
Vanhanen HT, Blomqvist S, Ehnholm C, et al. Serum cholesterol, cholesterol precursors, and plant sterols in hypercholesterolemic subjects with different apoE phenotypes during dietary sitostanol ester treatment.
J Lipid Res. 1993;34:1535 - 1544.
Blair SN, Capuzzi DM, Gottlieb SO, et al. Incremental reduction of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with the addition of plant stanol ester-containing spread to statin therapy.
Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:46 - 52.
Nguyen TT, Dale LV, von Bergmann K, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effect of stanol ester in a US population of mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women: a randomized controlled trial.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;74:1198 - 2206.
Miettinen TA, Puska P, Gylling H, et al. Reduction of serum cholesterol with sitostanol-ester margarine in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population.
N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1308 - 1312.
Hallikainen MA, Sarkkinen ES, Uusitupa MI. Effects of low-fat stanol ester enriched margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids in subjects with elevated serum cholesterol concentrations.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;53:966 - 969.
Gylling H, Siimes MA, Miettinen TA. Sitostanol ester margarine in dietary treatment of children with familial hypercholesterolemia.
J Lipid Res. 1995;36:1807 - 1812.
Tammi A, Ronnemaa T, Gylling H, et al. Plant stanol ester margarine lowers serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of healthy children: the STRIP project. Special Turku Coronary Risk Factors Intervention Project.
J Pediatr. 2000;136:503 - 510.
Hallikainen MA, Uusitupa MI. Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester-containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:403 - 410.
Gylling H, Radhakrishnan R, Miettinen TA. Reduction of serum cholesterol in postmenopausal women with previous myocardial infarction and cholesterol malabsorption induced by dietary sitostanol ester margarine: women and dietary sitostanol.
Circulation. 1997;96:4226 - 4231.
Jones PJ, Ntanios FY, Raeini-Sarjaz M, et al. Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a sitostanol-containing phytosterol mixture with a prudent diet in hyperlipidemic men.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:1144 - 1150.
Vanhanen HT, Kajander J, Lehtovirta H, et al. Serum levels, absorption efficiency, faecal elimination and synthesis of cholesterol during increasing doses of dietary sitostanol esters in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
Clin Sci. 1994;87:61 - 67.
Neil HA, Meijer GW, Roe LS. Randomised controlled trial of use by hypercholesterolaemic patients of a vegetable oil sterol-enriched fat spread.
Atherosclerosis. 2001;156:329 - 337.
Nguyen TT. The cholesterol-lowering action of plant stanol esters.
J Nutr. 1999;129:2109 - 2112.
Maki KC, Davidson MH, Umporowicz DM, et al. Lipid responses to plant-sterol-enriched reduced-fat spreads incorporated into a National Cholesterol Education Program Step I diet.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:33 - 43.
Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Effects of inhibiting cholesterol absorption and synthesis on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic non-insulin-dependent diabetic men.
J Lipid Res. 1996;37:1776 - 1785.
Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Serum cholesterol and cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolaemic NIDDM patients before and during sitostanol ester-margarine treatment.
Diabetologia. 1994;37:773 - 780.
Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Effects of inhibiting cholesterol absorption and synthesis on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic non-insulin-dependent diabetic men.
J Lipid Res. 1996;37:1776 - 1785.
Blair SN, Capuzzi DM, Gottlieb SO, et al. Incremental reduction of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with the addition of plant stanol ester-containing spread to statin therapy.
Am J Cardiol.
2000;86:46 - 52.
Illingworth DR, Stein EA, Mitchel YB, et al. Comparative effects of lovastatin and niacin in primary hypercholesterolemia. A prospective trial.
Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1586 - 1595.
Guyton JR, Goldberg AC, Kreisberg RA, et al. Effectiveness of once-nightly dosing of extended-release niacin alone and in combination for hypercholesterolemia.
Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:737 - 743.
Vega GL, Grundy SM. Lipoprotein responses to treatment with lovastatin, gemfibrozil, and nicotinic acid in normolipidemic patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia.
Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:73 - 82.
Lal SM, Hewett JE, Petroski GF, et al. Effects of nicotinic acid and lovastatin in renal transplant patients: a prospective, randomized, open-label crossover trial.
Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;25:616 - 622.
Elam MB, Hunninghake DB, Davis KB, et al. Effect of niacin on lipid and lipoprotein levels and glycemic control in patients With diabetes and peripheral arterial disease. The ADMIT Study: a randomized trial.
JAMA. 2000;284:1263 - 1270.
Morgan JM, Capuzzi DM, Guyton JR, et al. Treatment effect of Niaspan, a controlled-release niacin, in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a placebo-controlled trial.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 1996;1:195 - 202.
Canner PL, Berge KG, Wenger NK, et al. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: Long-term benefit with niacin.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:1245 - 1255.
Elam MB, Hunninghake DB, Davis KB, et al. Effect of niacin on lipid and lipoprotein levels and glycemic control in patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease. The ADMIT Study: a randomized trial.
JAMA. 2000;284:1263 - 1270.
Crouse JR III. New developments in the use of niacin for treatment of hyperlipidemia: new considerations in the use of an old drug.
Coron Artery Dis. 1996;7:321 - 326.
Glore SR, Van Treeck D, Knehans AW, et al. Soluble fiber and serum lipids: a literature review.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:425 - 436.
Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Cook-Newell ME. Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids.
N Engl J Med. 1995;333:276 - 281.
Teixeira SR, Potter SM, Weigel R, et al. Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic men.
Am J Clin Nutr.
2000;71:1077 - 1084.
Crouse JR III, Morgan T, Terry JG, et al. A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins.
Arch Intern Med.
1999;159:2070 - 2076.
Wangen KE, Duncan AM, Xu X, et al. Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:225 - 231.
Anthony MS, Clarkson TB, Hughes CL Jr, et al. Soybean isoflavones improve cardiovascular risk factors without affecting the reproductive system of peripubertal rhesus monkeys.
J Nutr. 1996;126:43 - 50.
Greaves KA, Parks JS, Williams JK, et al. Intact dietary soy protein, but not adding an isoflavone-rich soy extract to casein, improves plasma lipids in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys.
J Nutr.
1999;129:1585 - 1592.
Simons LA, von Konigsmark M, Simons J, et al. Phytoestrogens do not influence lipoprotein levels or endothelial function in healthy, postmenopausal women.
Am J Cardiol.
2000;85:1297 - 1301.
Mackey R, Ekangaki A, Eden JA. The effects of soy protein in women and men with elevated plasma lipids.
Biofactors. 2000;12:251 - 257.
Sirtori CR, Gianazza E, Manzoni C, et al. Role of isoflavones in the cholesterol reduction by soy proteins in the clinic [letter].
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:166 - 167.
Howes JB, Sullivan D, Lai N, et al. The effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on the lipoprotein profiles of post menopausal women with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia.
Atherosclerosis.
2000;152:143 - 147.
Mirkin A., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of policosanol in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
Int. J Clin Pharm Res.
2001;21:31-34.
Menendez R, Arruzazabala L, Mas R, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effect of policosanol on rabbits with hypercholesterolaemia induced by a wheat starch-casein diet.
Br J Nutr. 1997;77:923 - 932.
Torres O, Agramonte AJ, Illnait J, et al. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia in NIDDM with policosanol.
Diabetes Care. 1995;18:393 - 397.
Crespo N, Alvarez R, Mas R, et al. Effect of policosanol on patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia: a pilot study.
Curr Ther Res. 1997;58:44 - 51.
Castano G, Mas R, Fernandez L, et al. Effects of policosanol on postmenopausal women with type II hypercholesterolemia.
Gynecol Endocrinol. 2000;14:187 - 195.
Mas R, Castano G, Illnait J, et al. Effects of policosanol in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia and additional coronary risk factors.
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;65:439 - 447.
Aneiros E, Mas R, Calderon B, et al. Effect of policosanol in lowering cholesterol levels in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia
. Curr Ther Res . 1995;56:176 - 182.
Castano G, Canetti M, Moreira M, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of policosanol in elderly patients with type II hypercholesterolemia: a 12-month study.
Curr Ther Res. 1995;56:819 - 828.
Castano G, Tula L, Canetti M, et al. Effects of policosanol in hypertensive patients with type II hypercholesterolemia.
Curr Ther Res. 1996;57:691 - 699.
Torres O, Agramonte AJ, Illnait J, et al. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia in NIDDM with policosanol.
Diabetes Care. 1995;18:393 - 397.
Aneiros E, Calderon B, Mas R, et al. Effect of successive dose increases of policosanol on the lipid profile and tolerability of treatment.
Curr Ther Res. 1993;54:304 - 312.
Castano G, Mas R, Nodarse M, et al. One-year study of the efficacy and safety of policosanol (5 mg twice daily) in the treatment of type II hypercholesterolemia.
Curr Ther Res. 1995;56:296 - 304.
Batista J, Stusser R, Penichet M, et al. Doppler-ultrasound pilot study of the effects of long-term policosanol therapy on carotid-vertebral atherosclerosis.
Curr Ther Res. 1995;56:906 - 914.
Pons P, Rodriguez M, Mas R, et al. One-year efficacy and safety of policosanol in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia.
Curr Ther Res. 1994;55:1084 - 1092.
Pons P, Rodriguez M, Robaina C, et al. Effects of successive dose increases of policosanol on the lipid profile of patients with type II hypercholesterolaemia and tolerability to treatment.
Int J Clin Pharm Res. 1994;14:27 - 33.
Pons P, Mas R, Illnait J, et al. Efficacy and safety of policosanol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.
Curr Ther Res. 1992;52:507 - 513.
Zardoya R, Tula L, Castano G, et al. Effects of policosanol on hypercholesterolemic patients with abnormal serum biochemical indicators of hepatic function.
Curr Ther Res.
1996;57:568 - 577.
Castano G, Mas R, Arruzazabala ML, et al. Effects of policosanol and pravastatin on lipid profile, platelet aggregation and endothelemia in older hypercholesterolemic patients.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Res.
1999;19:105 - 116.
Crespo N, Illnait J, Mas R, et al. Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol and lovastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1999;19:117 - 127.
Benitez M, Romero C, Mas R, et al. A comparative study of policosanol versus pravastatin in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia.
Curr Ther Res. 1997;58:859 - 867.
Ortensi G, Gladstein J, Valli H, et al. A comparative study of policosanol versus simvastatin in elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Curr Ther Res. 1997;58:390 - 401.
Alcocer L, Fernandez L, Campos E, et al. A comparative study of policosanol Versus acipimox in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia.
Int J Tissue React. 1999;21:85 - 92.
Fernandez JC, Mas R, Castano G, et al. Comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of policosanol versus fluvastatin in elderly hypercholesterolaemic women.
Clin Drug Invest. 2001;21:103 - 113.
Castano G, Mas R, Fernandez JC, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of policosanol compared with lovastatin in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia and concomitant coronary risk factors.
Curr Ther Res.
2000;61:137 - 146.
Torres O, Agramonte AJ, Illnait J, et al. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia in NIDDM with policosanol.
Diabetes Care. 1995;18:393 - 397.
Crespo N, Alvarez R, Mas R, et al. Effect of policosanol on patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia: a pilot study.
Curr Ther Res. 1997;58:44 - 51.
Warshafsky S, Kamer RS, Sivak SL. Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol. A meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:599 - 605.
Neil HA, Silagy CA, Lancaster T, et al. Garlic powder in the treatment of moderate hyperlipidaemia: a controlled trial and meta-analysis.
J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1996;30:329 - 334.
Simons LA, Balasubramaniam S, von Konigsmark M, et al. On the effect of garlic on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in mild hypercholesterolaemia.
Atherosclerosis. 1995;113:219 - 225.
Superko HR, Krauss RM. Garlic powder, effect on plasma lipids, postprandial lipemia, low-density lipoprotein particle size, high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution and lipoprotein (a).
J Am Coll Cardiol.
2000;35:321 - 326.
Isaacsohn JL, Moser M, Stein EA, et al. Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Arch Intern Med.
1998;158:1189 - 1194.
Gardner CD, Chatterjee LM, Carlson JJ. The effect of a garlic preparation on plasma lipid levels in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults.
Atherosclerosis. 2001;154:213 - 220.
Stevinson C, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Garlic for treating hypercholesterolemia. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:420 - 429.
Kannar D, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Savige GS, et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of an enteric-coated garlic supplement.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20:225 - 231.
Kannar D, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Savige GS, et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of an enteric-coated garlic supplement.
J Am Coll Nutr.
2001;20:225 - 231.
Nityanand S, Srivastava JS, Asthana OP. Clinical trials with gugulipid. A new hypolipidaemic agent.
J Assoc Physicians India. 1989;37:323 - 328.
Agarwal RC, Singh SP, Saran RK, et al. Clinical trial of gugulipid - a new hyperlipidemic agent of plant origin in primary hyperlipidemia.
Indian J Med Res. 1986;84:626 - 634.
Singh RB, Niaz MA, Ghosh S. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of
Commiphora mukul
as an adjunct to dietary therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1994;8:659 - 664.
Verma SK, Bordia A. Effect of
Commiphora mukul
(gum guggulu) in patients of hyperlipidemia with special reference to HDL-cholesterol.
Indian J Med Res.
1988;87:356 - 360.
Englisch W, Beckers C, Unkauf M, et al. Efficacy of artichoke dry extract in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia.
Arzneimittelforschung.
2000;50:260 - 265.
Petrowicz O, Gebhardt R, Donner M, et al. Effects of artichoke leaf extract (ALE) on lipoprotein metabolism in vitro and in vivo [abstract].
Atherosclerosis.
1997;129:147.
Kraft K. Artichoke leaf extract - recent findings reflecting effects on lipid metabolism, liver and gastrointestinal tracts.
Phytomedicine.
1997;4:369 - 378.
Maezaki Y, Tsuji K, Nakagawa Y, et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of chitosan in adult males.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1993;57:1439 - 1444.
Jing SB, Li L, Ji D, et al. Effect of chitosan on renal function in patients with chronic renal failure.
J Pharm Pharmacol.
1997;49:721 - 723.
Ormrod D, Holmes CC, Miller TE. Dietary chitosan inhibits hypercholesterolaemia and atherogenesis in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse model of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis.
1998;138:329 - 334.
Deuchi K, Kanauchi O, Imasato Y, et al. Decreasing effect of chitosan on the apparent fat digestibility by rats fed on a high-fat diet.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
1994
;
58:1613 - 1616.
Deuchi K, Kanauchi O, Imasato Y, et al. Effect of the viscosity or deacetylation degree of chitosan on fecal fat excreted from rats fed on a high-fat diet.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
1995;59:781 - 785.
Deuchi K, Kanauchi O, Shizukuishi M, et al. Continuous and massive intake of chitosan affects mineral and fat-soluble vitamin status in rats fed on a high-fat diet.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
1995;59:1211 - 1216.
Kanauchi O, Deuchi K, Imasato Y, et al. Increasing effect of a chitosan and ascorbic acid mixture on fecal dietary fat excretion
. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem . 1994;58:1617 - 1620.
Kobayashi T, Otsuka S, Yugari Y. Effect of chitosan on serum and liver cholesterol levels in cholesterol-fed rats.
Nutr Rep Int. 1979;19:327 - 334.
Ho SC, Tai ES, Eng PH, et al. In the absence of dietary surveillance, chitosan does not reduce plasma lipids or obesity in hypercholesterolaemic obese Asian subjects.
Singapore Med J. 2001;42:6 - 10.
Asgary S, Naderi GH, Sarrafzadegan N, et al. Antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effects of
Achillea wilhelmsii.Drugs Exp Clin Res.
2000;26:89 - 93.
Gonzales GF, Gonez C, Villena A. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women: short-course effect of caigua.
Menopause. 1995;2:225 - 234.
Prasad K. Dietary flax seed in prevention of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis.
1997;132:69 - 76.
Arjmandi BH, Khan DA, Juma S, et al. Whole flaxseed consumption lowers serum LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in postmenopausal women.
Nutr Res. 1998;18:1203 - 1214.
Singer P, Jaeger W, Berger I, et al. Effects of dietary oleic, linoleic, and alpha-linolenic acids on blood pressure, serum lipids, lipoproteins and the formation of eicosanoid precursors in patients with mild essential hypertension.
J Hum Hypertens. 1990;4:227 - 233.
Prasad K. Reduction of serum cholesterol and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis in rabbits by secoisolariciresinol diglucoside isolated from flaxseed.
Circulation. 1999;99:1355 - 1362.
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Vidgen E, et al. Health aspects of partially defatted flaxseed, including effects on serum lipids, oxidative measures, and ex vivo androgen and progestin activity: a controlled crossover trial.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:395 - 402.
Tarpila S, Kivinen A. Ground flaxseed is an effective hypolipidemic bulk laxative [abstract].
Gastroenterology. 1997;112:A836.
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study.
BMJ.
1998;317:1341 - 1345.
Fraser GE, Sabate J, Beeson WL, et al. A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary heart disease. The Adventist Health Study.
Arch Intern Med.
1992;152:1416 - 1424.
Abbey M, Noakes M, Belling GB, et al. Partial replacement of saturated fatty acids with almonds or walnuts lowers total plasma cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1994;59:995 - 999.
Spiller GA, Jenkins DA, Bosello O, et al. Nuts and plasma lipids: an almond-based diet lowers LDL-C while preserving HDL-C.
J Am Coll Nutr.
1998;17:285 - 290.
Spiller GA, Jenkins DJ, Cragen LN, et al. Effect of a diet high in monounsaturated fat from almonds on plasma cholesterol and lipoproteins.
J Am Coll Nutr.
1992;11:126 - 130.
Curb JD, Wergowske G, Dobbs JC, et al. Serum lipid effects of a high-monounsaturated fat diet based on macadamia nuts.
Arch Intern Med.
2000;160:1154 - 1158.
Zambon D, Sabate J, Munoz S, et al. Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women. A randomized crossover trial.
Ann Intern Med.
2000;132:538 - 546.
Morgan WA, Clayshulte BJ. Pecans lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with normal lipid levels.
J Am Diet Assoc.
2000;100:312 - 318.
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ. Nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a review of epidemiologic evidence.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 1999;1:204 - 209.
Vecchio F, Zanchin G, Maggioni F, et al. Mesoglycan in treatment of patients with cerebral ischemia: effects on hemorheologic and hematochemical parameters.
Acta Neurol(Napoli).
1993;15:449 - 456.
Saba P, Galeone F, Giuntoli F, et al. Hypolipidemic effect of mesoglycan in hyperlipidemic patients.
Curr Ther Res. 1986;40:761 - 768.
Postiglione A, De Simone B, Rubba P, et al. Effect of oral mesoglycan on plasma lipoprotein concentration and on lipoprotein lipase activity in primary hyperlipidemia.
Pharmacol Res Commun.
1984;16:1 - 8.
Mertz W. Chromium in human nutrition: a review.
J Nutr. 1993;123:626 - 633.
Press RI, Geller J, Evans GW. The effect of chromium picolinate on serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein fractions in human subjects.
West J Med.
1990;152:41 - 45.
Abraham AS, Brooks BA, Eylath U. The effects of chromium supplementation on serum glucose and lipids in patients with and without non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Metabolism.
1992;41:768 - 771.
Lee NA, Reasner CA. Beneficial effect of chromium supplementation on serum triglyceride levels in NIDDM.
Diabetes Care.
1994;17:1449 - 1452.
Anderson RA, Cheng N, Bryden NA, et al. Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes.
1997;46:1786 - 1791.
Roeback JR Jr, Hla KM, Chambless LE, et al. Effects of chromium supplementation on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in men taking beta-blockers. A randomized, controlled trial.
Ann Intern Med.
1991;115:917 - 924.
Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA, et al. Chromium supplementation of human subjects: effects on glucose, insulin, and lipid variables.
Metabolism.
1983;32:894 - 899.
Offenbacher EG, Rinko CJ, Pi-Sunyer FX. The effects of inorganic chromium and brewer's yeast on glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, and plasma chromium in elderly subjects.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1985;42:454 - 461.
Preuss HG, Wallerstedt D, Talpur N, et al. Effects of niacin-bound chromium and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic subjects: a pilot study.
J Med.
2000;31:227 - 246.
Roeback JR, Hla KM, Chambless LE, et al. Effects of chromium supplementation on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in men taking beta-blockers. A randomized, controlled trial.
Ann Intern Med.
1991;115:917 - 924.
Agerholm-Larsen L, Raben A, Haulrik N, et al. Effect of 8 week intake of probiotic milk products on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Eur J Clin Nutr.
2000;54:288 - 297.
Agerbaek M, Gerdes LU, Richelsen B. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of a new fermented milk product in healthy middle-aged men.
Eur J Clin Nutr.
1995;49:346 - 352.
Bertolami MC, Faludi AA, Batlouni M. Evaluation of the effects of a new fermented milk product (Gaio) on primary hypercholesterolemia.
Eur J Clin Nutr.
1999;53:97 - 101.
Richelsen B, Kristensen K, Pedersen SB. Long-term (6 months) effect of a new fermented milk product on the level of plasma lipoproteins - a placebo-controlled and double blind study.
Eur J Clin Nutr.
1996;50:811 - 815.
Anderson JW, Gilliland SE. Effect of fermented milk (yogurt) containing
Lactobacillus acidophilus
L1 on serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans.
J Am Coll Nutr.
1999;18:43 - 50.
Agerholm-Larsen L, Bell ML, Grunwald GK, et al. The effect of a probiotic milk product on plasma cholesterol: a meta-analysis of short-term intervention studies.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54:856 - 860.
Iwata K, Inayama T, Kato T
.
Effects of
Spirulina platensis
on plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in fructose-induced hyperlipidemic rats.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.
1990;36:165 - 171.
Gonzalez de Rivera C, Miranda-Zamora R, Diaz-Zagoya JC, et al
.
Preventive effect of
Spirulina maxima
on the fatty liver induced by a fructose-rich diet in the rat, a preliminary report.
Life Sci. 1993;53:57 - 61.
Nakaya N, Homma Y, Goto Y
.
Cholesterol lowering effect of spirulina.
Nutr Rep Int. 1988;37:1329 - 1337.
Story JA, LePage SL, Petro MS, et al. Interactions of alfalfa plant and sprout saponins with cholesterol in vitro and in cholesterol-fed rats.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;39:917 - 929.
Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Naito HK, et al. Effect of alfalfa meal on shrinkage (regression) of atherosclerotic plaques during cholesterol feeding in monkeys.
Atherosclerosis. 1978;30:27 - 43.
Malinow MR, Connor WE, McLaughlin P, et al. Cholesterol and bile acid balance in Macaca fascicularis. Effects of alfalfa saponins.
J Clin Invest. 1981;67:156 - 162.
Esper E, Barichello AW, Chan EK, et al. Synergistic lipid-lowering effects of alfalfa meal as an adjuvant to the partial ileal bypass operation.
Surgery. 1987;102:39 - 51.
Dixit VP, Joshi SC. Antiatherosclerotic effects of alfalfa meal ingestion in chicks: a biochemical evaluation [abstract].
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1985;29:47 - 50.
Malinow MR, McLachlin P, Papworth L, et al. Effect of alfalfa saponins on intestinal cholesterol absorption in rats.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1977;30:2061 - 2067.
Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Stafford C, et al. Comparative effects of alfalfa saponins and alfalfa fiber on cholesterol absorption in rats [abstract].
Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;32:1810 - 1812.
Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Stafford C, et al. Alfalfa saponins and alfalfa seeds. Dietary effects in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Atherosclerosis. 1980;37:433 - 438.
Yanaura S, Sakamoto M. Effect of alfalfa meal on experimental hyperlipidemia [in Japanese; English abstract].
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1975;71:387 - 393.
Srinivasan SR, Patton D, Radhakrishnamurthy B, et al. Lipid changes in athersclerotic aortas of Macaca fascicularis after various regression regimens.
Atherosclerosis. 1980;37:591 - 601.
Malinow MR. Experimental models of atherosclerosis regression.
Atherosclerosis. 1983;48:105 - 118.
Malinow MR, Connor WE, McLaughlin P, et al. Cholesterol and bile acid balance in Macaca fasicularis. Effects of alfalfa saponins.
J Clin Invest. 1981;67:156 - 162.
Molgaard J, von Schenck H, Olsson AG. Alfalfa seeds lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
Atherosclerosis.1987;65:173 - 179.
Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Stafford C. Alfalfa seeds: effects on cholesterol metabolism.
Experientia. 1980;36:562 - 564.
Colodny LR, Montgomery A, Houston M. The role of esterin processed alfalfa saponins in reducing cholesterol.
J Am Nutraceutical Assoc.
2001;3:6 - 15.
Tai TS, Sheu WH, Lee WJ, et al. Effect of chitosan on plasma lipoprotein concentrations in type 2 diabetic subjects with hypercholesterolemia [letter].
Diabetes Care.
2000;23:1703 - 1704.
Wuolijoki E, Hirvela T, Ylitalo P. Decrease in serum LDL cholesterol with microcrystalline chitosan.
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol.
1999;21:357 - 361.
Jacobson TA, Amorosa LF. Combination therapy with fluvastatin and niacin in hypercholesterolemia: a preliminary report on safety.
Am J Cardiol.
1994;73:25D - 29D.
Kashyap ML, Evans R, Simmons PD, et al. New combination niacin/statin formulation shows pronounced effects on major lipoproteins and is well tolerated.
J Am Coll Cardiol.
2000;35(suppl A):326.
Wolfe ML, Vartanian SF, Ross JL, et al. Safety and effectiveness of Niaspan when added sequentially to a statin for treatment of dyslipidemia.
Am J Cardiol.
2001;87:476 - 479.
Wink J, Giacoppe G, King J. Effect of very-low-dose niacin on high-density lipoprotein in patients undergoing long-term statin therapy.
Am Heart J.
2002;143:514 - 518.
Dewell A, Hollenbeck CB, Bruce B. The effects of soy-derived phytoestrogens on serum lipids and lipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2002;87:118 - 121.
Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK. Policosanol: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic significance of a new lipid-lowering agent.
Am Heart J.
2002;143:356 - 365.
Reid IR, Mason B, Horne A, et al. Effects of calcium supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in normal older women: A randomized controlled trial.
Am J Med. 2002;112:343-347.
Wuttke W. Abstracts P3-333, P3-317.84th annual meeting of The Endocrine Society, June 21, 2002.
Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, et al. Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2002;87:1527-1532.
Messina M, Gardner C, Barnes S. Gaining insight into the health effects of soy but a long way still to go: commentary on the fourth International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease.
J Nutr.
2002;132:547S-551S.
Sanders TA, Dean TS, Grainger D, et al. Moderate intakes of intact soy protein rich in isoflavones compared with ethanol-extracted soy protein increase HDL but do not influence transforming growth factor beta(1) concentrations and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in healthy subjects.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:373-377.
Nestel PJ, Yamashita T, Sasahara T, et al. Soy isoflavones improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal and perimenopausal women.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.
1997;17:3392 - 3398.
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Jackson CJ, et al. Effects of high- and low-isoflavone soyfoods on blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic men and women.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:365-372.
Ludvik BH, Mahdjoobian K, Waldhaeusl W, et al. The effect of
Ipomoea batatus
(Caiapo) on glucose metabolism and serum cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized study.
Diabetes Care. 2002;25:239-240.
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A, et al. Dose response of almonds on coronary heart disease risk factors: blood lipids, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and pulmonary nitric oxide: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.
Circulation. 2002;106:1327-1332.
Nissen S, Sharp RL, Panton L, et al. ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors.
J Nutr. 2000;130:1937 - 1945.
Noone EJ, Noone EJ, Roche HM, et al. The effect of dietary supplementation using isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in healthy human subjects.
Br J Nutr. 2002;88:243-251.
Cicero AF, Gaddi A. Rice bran oil and gamma-oryzanol in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias and other conditions.
Phytother Res.
2001;15:277-289.
Ostlund RE Jr, Racette SB, Okeke A, et al. Phytosterols that are naturally present in commercial corn oil significantly reduce cholesterol absorption in humans.
Am J Clin Nutr.
2002;75:1000-1004.
Temme EH, Van Hoydonck PG, Schouten EG, et al. Effects of a plant sterol-enriched spread on serum lipids and lipoproteins in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
Acta Cardiol. 2002;57:111-115.
Amundsen AL, Ose L, Nenseter MS, et al. Plant sterol ester-enriched spread lowers plasma total and LDL cholesterol in children with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:338-344.
Simons L. Additive effect of plant sterol-ester margarine and cerivastatin in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in primary hypercholesterolemia.
Am J Cardiol. 2002;90:737.
Castano G, Mas R, Fernandez JC, et al. Effects of policosanol on older patients with hypertension and type II hypercholesterolaemia.
Drugs R D.
2002;3:159-172.
Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK. Policosanol: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic significance of a new lipid-lowering agent.
Am Heart J. 2002;143:356-365.
Vanstone CA, Raeini-Sarjaz M, Parsons WE, et al. Unesterified plant sterols and stanols lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations equivalently in hypercholesterolemic persons.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:1272 - 1278
Cleghorn CL, Skeaff CM, Mann J, et al. Plant sterol-enriched spread enhances the cholesterol-lowering potential of a fat-reduced diet.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:170 - 176.
Lee YM, Haastert B, Scherbaum W, et al. A phytosterol-enriched spread improves the lipid profile of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus A randomized controlled trial under free-living conditions.
Eur J Nutr. 2003;42:111 - 117.
Castano G, Fernandez L, Mas R, et al. Comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of original policosanol versus other mixtures of higher aliphatic primary alcohols in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 2002;22:55 - 66.
Mustad VA, Smith CA, Ruey PP, et al. Supplementation with 3 compositionally different tocotrienol supplements does not improve cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women with hypercholesterolemia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:1237 - 1243.
Oosthuizen W, Vorster HH, Vermaak, WJ, et al. Lecithin has no effect on serum lipoprotein, plasma fibrinogen and macro molecular protein complex levels in hyperlipidaemic men in a double-blind controlled study.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998;52:419 - 424.
Knuiman JT, Beynen AC, Katan MB. Lecithin intake and serum cholesterol.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;49:266 - 268.
Greten H, et al. The effect of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine on plasma lipids and fecal sterol excretion.
Atherosclerosis. 1980;36:81 - 88.
Childs MT, et al. The contrasting effects of a dietary soya lecithin product and corn oil on lipoprotein lipids in normolipidemic and familial hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Atherosclerosis. 198;38:217 - 228.
Kesaniemi YA, et al. Effects of dietary polyenylphosphatidylcholine on metabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides in hypertriglyceridemic patients.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;43:98 - 107.
Nosaka N, Kasai M, Nakamura M, et al. Effects of dietary on serum lipoproteins and biochemical parameters in healthy men.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002;66:1713 - 1718.
Harris WS. N-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studies.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65(Suppl):1645S - 1654S.
Davini P, Bigalli A, Lamanna F, et al. Controlled study on L-carnitine therapeutic efficacy in post-infarction.
Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1992;18:355 - 365.
Szapary PO, Wolfe ML, Bloedon LT, et al. Guggulipid for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA. 2003;290:765-72.
Bokura H, Kobayashi S. Chitosan decreases total cholesterol in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:721-5.
Último revisado julio 2012 por EBSCO CAM Review Board
La información aquí suministrada complementa la atención recibida por su médico. De ninguna forma intenta sustituir el consejo de un professional medico. LLAME A SU MEDICO DE INMEDIATO SI PIENSA QUE PODRIA TENER UNA EMERGENCIA. Siempre busque consejo médico antes de comenzar un nuevo tratamiento o si tiene preguntas sobre una condición médica.
Copyright © EBSCO Publishing. All rights reserved.