Studies have found an association between diets high in fat and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Also, eating foods rich in lycopene seems to lower a man’s risk of prostate cancer. Lycopene is a phytochemical that is found in certain fruits and vegetables, like grapefruits and tomatoes. Also, lycopene supplements are available at drug and health food stores, but their efficacy is uncertain.

Exercising regularly may reduce your risk of prostate cancer. Choose exercises you enjoy and make them a regular part of your day. Strive to maintain an exercise program that keeps you fit and at a healthy weight. For many people, this includes walking or participating in another aerobic activity for 30 minutes per day. Check with your doctor before starting any exercise program.

Daily aspirin therapy and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (eg, finasteride [Proscar, Propecia], dutasteride [Avodart]) may reduce your risk of prostate cancer. Talk to your doctor about your options.

In the past, medical organizations recommended the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test as a screening tool for prostate cancer. But this has become a controversial topic because studies have found very little benefit with this screening test. Because of this, organizations like the US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommend against the PSA test, highlighting the potential harms, like having to undergo unnecessary surgery.

What should you do? The USPSTF does highlight the importance of having an open discussion with your doctor about the risks and benefits of the PSA test, as well as your risk factors for prostate cancer.